Day 49 — BGP Timers: Keepalive, Hold Time, ConnectRetry and SendHoldTimer
1. Opening BGP's traditional liveness model is often summarized as 'keepalives every 60 seconds, dead after 180 seconds.' That ...
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Day 48 — BGP OPEN Capabilities, NOTIFICATION Errors and Session-Engineering Capstone
By
Haider Raza
•
1. Opening Once TCP succeeds, BGP still has to agree on the OPEN message and optional capabilities. Many sessions that appear almost up are...
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Day 47 — BGP Session Authentication: TCP-MD5, TCP-AO and Key-Rollover Boundaries
By
Haider Raza
•
1. Opening BGP sessions are long-lived TCP connections and attractive disruption targets. Session authentication protects the TCP exchange ...
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Day 46 — BGP over TCP: Active/Passive Establishment, Collision Handling and Session Diagnostics
By
Haider Raza
•
1. Opening BGP finite-state behavior sits on top of TCP. When engineers jump directly from Active state to route-map changes, they often sk...
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Day 45 — BGP TTL Security and GTSM
By
Haider Raza
•
1. Opening BGP peers exposed across routed infrastructure can receive spoofed packets that appear to target a valid session. GTSM uses the ...
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