Yagi UDA Antenna

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Yagi uda antenna tutorial available at youtube channel.
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Yagi-Uda antenna is the most commonly used type of antenna for TV reception over the last few decades. It is the most popular and easy-to-use type of antenna with better performance, which is famous for its high gain and directivity.

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Frequency range
The frequency range in which the Yagi-Uda antennas operate is around 30 MHz to 3GHz which belong to the VHF and UHF bands.

Construction of Yagi-Uda Antenna

A Yagi-Uda antenna was seen on top of almost every house during the past decades. The parasitic elements and the dipole together form this Yagi-Uda antenna.
Construction Yagi-Uda Antenna
The figure shows a Yagi-Uda antenna. It is seen that there are many directors placed to increase the directivity of the antenna. The feeder is the folded dipole. The reflector is the lengthy element, which is at the end of the structure.
Yagi-Uda Antenna
The figure depicts a clear form of the Yagi-Uda antenna. The center rod like structure on which the elements are mounted is called as boom. The element to which a thick black head is connected is the driven element to which the transmission line is connected internally, through that black stud. The single element present at the back of the driven element is the reflector, which reflects all the energy towards the direction of the radiation pattern. The other elements, before the driven element, are the directors, which direct the beam towards the desired angle.

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Designing of yagi uda antenna

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For this antenna to be designed, the following design specifications should be followed.
Designing
They are −
ELEMENTSPECIFICATION
Length of the Driven Element0.458λ to 0.5λ
Length of the Reflector0.55λ to 0.58λ
Length of the Director 10.45λ
Length of the Director 20.40λ
Length of the Director 30.35λ
Spacing between Directors0.2λ
Reflector to dipole spacing0.35λ
Dipole to Director spacing0.125λ
If the specifications given above are followed, one can design an Yagi-Uda antenna.

Radiation Pattern for Yagi Uda Antenna

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The directional pattern of the Yagi-Uda antenna is highly directive as shown in the figure given below.
Horizontal vertical Pattern
The minor lobes are suppressed and the directivity of the major lobe is increased by the addition of directors to the antenna.

Advantages of Yagi Uda

The following are the advantages of Yagi-Uda antennas −
  • High gain is achieved.
  • High directivity is achieved.
  • Ease of handling and maintenance.
  • Less amount of power is wasted.
  • Broader coverage of frequencies.

Disadvantages of Yagi Uda

The following are the disadvantages of Yagi-Uda antennas −
  • Prone to noise.
  • Prone to atmospheric effects.

Applications

The following are the applications of Yagi-Uda antennas −
  • Mostly used for TV reception.
  • Used where a single-frequency application is needed.

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Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna

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Microstrip is a type of electrical transmission line which can be fabricated using printed circuit board technology, and is used to convey microwave-frequency signals. It consists of a conducting strip separated from a ground plane by a dielectric layer known as the substrate.

The most commonly employed microstrip antenna is a rectangular patch which looks like a truncated microstrip transmission line. It is approximately of one-half wavelength long. When air is used as the dielectric substrate, the length of the rectangular microstrip antenna is approximately one-half of a free-space wavelength. As the antenna is loaded with a dielectric as its substrate, the length of the antenna decreases as the relative dielectric constant of the substrate increases. The resonant length of the antenna is slightly shorter because of the extended electric "fringing fields" which increase the electrical length of the antenna slightly. An early model of the microstrip antenna is a section of microstrip transmission line with equivalent loads on either end to represent the radiation loss.

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