Stream of Knowledge

 How ARP Works: Understanding ARP Requests, Replies, and ARP Cache Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is an essential protocol in the world of networking. It's responsible for mapping IP addresses to MAC addresses within a local area network (LAN). 🔄 How ARP Works When a host wants to communicate with another device, it needs the MAC address associated with the destination IP. If the MAC address is unknown, the host sends out a broadcast ARP Request asking: 🗨️ “Who has IP address X.X.X.X? Tell me your MAC address.” The device with the matching IP sends an ARP Reply with its MAC address, allowing communication to begin. 📨 ARP Messages ARP uses two packet types: ARP Request Destination MAC: FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF (broadcast) Target MAC: 00-00-00-00-00-00 (unknown) ARP Reply Uses unicast MAC addresses for both source and destination Header Fields Include: Source MAC and IP Target MAC and IP 🧪 Real-World Examples Host-to-Host on Same Network PC2 want...

MPLS TROUBLESHOOTING TIPS FOR CISCO AND JUNIPER #mpls #cisco #juniper #troubleshooting #huawei #copy #tutorial Basic MPLS Troubleshooting Tips 1. Verifying MPLS Configuration: Cisco: Use  show mpls interfaces  to verify that MPLS is enabled on the correct interfaces. Check  show mpls ldp neighbor  to ensure that Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) neighbors are discovered, and that the session is up. Juniper: Use  show mpls interface  to check MPLS status on interfaces. Utilize  show mpls ldp session  to confirm LDP neighbor sessions. 2. Checking Label Switch Paths (LSP): Cisco: Use  show mpls ldp bindings  to display local and remote label bindings. show mpls forwarding-table  helps to inspect the labels being forwarded and their corresponding next-hops. Juniper: Use  show mpls lsp extensive  to get detailed information about the LSPs. show route table mpls.0  to view the label-switched routes. 3. Ensuring Proper Route...

  Data Security and Protection Knowledge Check 1 . Question 1 A student's grades should be visible to that student when she logs in to her university account. Her ability to see her grades is an example of which aspect of the CIA Triad? 1 / 1  point Integrity Authorization Availability Confidentiality Correct Correct! 2 . Question 2 A university has implemented practices that ensure all student data are encrypted while stored on university servers. Which aspect of the CIA Triad does this practice support? 1 / 1  point Confidentiality Authorization Integrity Availability Correct Correct! 3 . Question 3 The Student Portal of a university issues a confirmation code with a hash value each time a student submits an assignment using the portal. This is an example of which aspect of the CIA Triad? 1 / 1  point Confidentiality Authorization Availability Integrity Correct Correct! 4 . Question 4 True or False. An organization has "air gapped" its...