BGP
Day 58 — BGP Roles and the Only-to-Customer (OTC) Attribute
1. Opening Traditional route-leak prevention relies on operators correctly encoding business relationships in policy. RFC 9234 adds a machi...
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Stream of Knowledge
BGP
Day 57 — Default-Reject eBGP Policy and RFC 8212
1. Opening An eBGP session without an explicit import or export policy can become an accidental trust boundary. RFC 8212 changes that expec...
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Stream of Knowledge
BGP
Day 56 — BGP Route Flap Dampening and Update Stability
1. Opening Route flap dampening was created to protect networks from unstable prefixes repeatedly appearing and disappearing. History showe...
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Stream of Knowledge
BGP
Day 55 — BGP Maximum-Prefix Controls and Safe Threshold Design
1. Opening Maximum-prefix is one of the simplest controls that can prevent a peer from overwhelming a routing table or accidentally sending...
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Stream of Knowledge
BGP
Day 54 — BGP PIC: Prefix-Independent Convergence and the Data-Plane Fast Path
1. Opening BGP PIC changes the convergence problem from 'recalculate thousands of prefixes after failure' toward 'preinstall or...
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Stream of Knowledge
BGP
Day 53 — BGP NSR and Stateful Switchover: Preserving Control-Plane State
1. Opening Graceful Restart and Nonstop Routing are often grouped together under 'high availability,' but they solve the switchover...
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Stream of Knowledge
BGP
Day 52 — BGP Graceful Restart: Capability, Stale Routes and End-of-RIB
1. Opening Graceful Restart asks a neighboring router to keep forwarding on routes learned from a restarting BGP speaker while that speaker...
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Stream of Knowledge
BGP
Day 51 — Fast External Fallover and BGP Next-Hop Tracking
1. Opening Not every BGP failure needs BFD. A directly connected eBGP peer can often be reset immediately when the interface used to reach ...
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Stream of Knowledge
BGP
Day 50 — BFD for BGP: Fast Failure Detection Without False Confidence
1. Opening BFD is attractive because it can detect forwarding-path failure far faster than ordinary BGP timers. It is also dangerous when o...
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Stream of Knowledge
BGP
Day 49 — BGP Timers: Keepalive, Hold Time, ConnectRetry and SendHoldTimer
1. Opening BGP's traditional liveness model is often summarized as 'keepalives every 60 seconds, dead after 180 seconds.' That ...
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Stream of Knowledge
BGP
Day 48 — BGP OPEN Capabilities, NOTIFICATION Errors and Session-Engineering Capstone
1. Opening Once TCP succeeds, BGP still has to agree on the OPEN message and optional capabilities. Many sessions that appear almost up are...
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Stream of Knowledge
BGP
Day 47 — BGP Session Authentication: TCP-MD5, TCP-AO and Key-Rollover Boundaries
1. Opening BGP sessions are long-lived TCP connections and attractive disruption targets. Session authentication protects the TCP exchange ...
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