Stream of Knowledge

protocols at each layer of OSI model The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) reference model is a conceptual framework used to understand network interactions in seven distinct layers. Each layer has specific protocols that facilitate communication and data exchange. Let’s dive into the OSI model and explore the protocols that operate at each layer. Application layer It’s responsible for providing an interface for the user to interact with application services or network services. Ex- Web browser (HTTP), Telne Presentation layer It’s responsible for defining a standard format to the data. The major functions described at this layer are: - Encoding-Decoding Ex- AVI-(video), WAV-(voice), JPEG (graphite), ASCII (text) Encryption-Decryption Session layer It’s responsible for establishing, maintaining, and terminating the sessions. Session ID is used to identify a session or interaction. Ex- Remote procedural call, Apple talk session protocol. Transport Layer It provides data delivery me...

  Overview of OSPF Definition The Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol, developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), is a link-state Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP). At present, OSPF Version 2, defined in RFC 2328, is intended for IPv4, and OSPF Version 3, defined in RFC 2740, is intended for IPv6. Unless otherwise stated, OSPF stated in this document refers to OSPF Version 2. The following describes OSPF fundamentals, and basic OSPF function configuration. Understanding OSPF OSPF Fundamentals Router ID A router requires a router ID if it is to run OSPF. A router ID is a 32-bit unsigned integer, uniquely identifying a router in an AS. A router ID can be manually configured or automatically selected by a router: It is recommended that you manually configure a router ID to ensure OSPF stability. If no router ID is manually configured for a router, the router selects an interface IP address as its router ID. A router selects its router ID based on the following rules: ...