Stream of Knowledge

 Cisco SD-WAN revolutionizes network management by decoupling the control and management planes from WAN edge routers, centralizing them in software-based controllers. This architectural shift improves security, availability, and scalability, making Cisco SD-WAN a preferred choice for managing large and distributed networks. In this blog post, we’ll explore the roles of vEdge routers and the SD-WAN controllers, namely vSmart, vManage, and vBond, each of which interacts with WAN edge devices in unique ways to ensure secure, streamlined, and reliable control connections. Control Connections and Security Protocols Each vEdge router establishes secure control connections to SD-WAN controllers using DTLS or TLS protocols. DTLS, which operates over UDP, is the default protocol due to its efficiency and speed, while TLS, running over TCP, provides slightly enhanced reliability. These protocols create secured tunnels that shield the control plane protocols (such as OMP, NETCONF, and SNMP) ...

In this blog post, we dive deep into the art of subnetting IPv4 addresses, a crucial skill for network administrators and engineers. We start with the fundamentals of subnetting, explaining how IP addresses are divided into network and host portions. The post includes a variety of practice questions, each accompanied by detailed explanations to help you master the concepts. Whether you're preparing for certification exams or just brushing up on your skills, this guide will provide you with the knowledge and confidence you need to tackle subnetting challenges. #Subnetting #IPv4 #Networking #IP Addressing #CCNA #Network Administration #IT_Certification #Practice Questions #NetworkEngineering #Subnetting #Explained (Solutions Provided at End) Question #1 What is the range of assignable IP addresses for a subnet containing an IP address of 172.16.1.10 /19? a. 172.16.0.1 – 172.16.31.254 b. 172.16.0.1 – 172.16.63.254 c. 172.16.0.0 – 172.16.31.255 d. 172.16.0...

  Question: What is the purpose of the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)? Answer: The purpose of the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is to prevent loops in a network. STP is used in Ethernet networks to ensure that there is only one active path between two endpoints. This helps to prevent the occurrence of broadcast storms, which can cause significant network downtime. STP accomplishes this by using a calculation algorithm to determine the best path to take, and then disabling any redundant paths. Question: What is the difference between a switch and a router? Answer: A switch is a networking device that connects devices together on a local area network (LAN). It operates at the data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model and is responsible for forwarding data frames between connected devices. A router, on the other hand, operates at the network layer (layer 3) of the OSI model and is responsible for forwarding packets between different networks. In addition to its forwarding capabilities, ...

  OSPF Multi-Area Configurationg We will use the following topology: Above we have R1 and R2 in area 0, the backbone area. Between R1 and R3, we will use area 1 and between R2/R4 we will use area 2. R3 and R4 have a loopback interface with an IP address that we will advertise in their area. Configuration Let’s start with all network commands to get OSPF up and running. The network command defines to which area each interface will belong.First, we will configure R1 and R2 for the backbone area: R1(config)# router ospf 1 R1(config-router)# network 192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 R2(config)# router ospf 1 R2(config-router)# network 192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 Let’s configure R1 and R3 for area 1: R1(config)# router ospf 1 R1(config-router)# network 192.168.13.0 0.0.0.255 area 1 R3(config)# router ospf 1 R3(config-router)# network 192.168.13.0 0.0.0.255 area 1 R3(config-router)# network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0 area 1 And last but not least, R2 and R4 for area 2: R2(config)# router ospf 1 ...

  Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) #cybersecurity #coursera #quiz #solution #network HSRP 2 different networks configurations and verification Video Tutorial click here:   Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) is a CISCO proprietary protocol, which provides redundancy for a local subnet. In HSRP, two or more routers gives an illusion of a virtual router. HSRP allows you to configure two or more routers as standby routers and only a single router as an active router at a time. All the routers in a single HSRP group shares a single MAC address and IP address, which acts as a default gateway to the local network. The  Active router  is responsible for forwarding the traffic. If it fails, the  Standby router  takes up all the responsibilities of the active router and forwards the traffic. Some important terms related to HSRP : Virtual IP :  IP address from local subnet is assigned as default gateway to all local hosts in the network. Virtual MAC address ...

Types of Links  that can be created on a Network Switch Video Tutorial link given at end ACCESS LINKS Access Links are the most common type of links on any VLAN switch. All network hosts connect to the switch's Access Links in order to gain access to the local network. These links are your ordinary ports found on every switch, but configured in a special way, so you are able to plug a computer into them and access your network. knowledge streams blog spot dot com free knowledge blog. download free source codes for python and java and other free stuff. We must note that the 'Access Link' term describes a configured port - this means that the ports above can be configured as the second type of VLAN links - Trunk Links. What we are showing here is what's usually configured as an Access Link port in 95% of all switches. Depending on your needs, you might require to configure the first port (top left corner) as a Trunk Link, in which case, it is obviously...